根蒂根基四国天气变迁部长级结合声明 中国武汉，2024年7月21日 1.2024年根蒂根基四国天气变迁部长级集会在2024年7月21日于中国湖北省武汉市进行。集会由中国生态情况部部长黄润秋师长教师担当主席，南非丛林、渔业以及情况部部长迪翁·乔治玻士，巴西天气变迁副部长安娜·托尼玻士代表巴西情况以及天气变迁部部长玛丽娜·席尔瓦女士，印度情况、丛林以及天气变迁部结合秘书尼莱什·库马尔·萨师长教师代表印度情况、丛林以及天气变迁部部长布潘德尔·亚达夫师长教师出席，中国生态情况部副部长赵英平易近师长教师掌管集会。 2.部长们夸大，天气变迁是咱们所处时代最年夜应战之一。只管面对多重危机，包孕地缘政治紧张场面地步、全世界能源以及食粮危机、通货膨胀、饥饿以及不服等加重，和全世界供给链扰动，部长们确认致力在多边主义以及国际互助，于消弭贫穷以及可连续成长配景下实现低碳以及天气韧性成长。 3.部长们夸大周全、充实、有用地实行《结合国天气变迁框架条约》（如下简称《条约》）及其《京都议定书》以及《巴黎协定》的主要性。他们重申《巴黎协定》方针，即把全世界平均气温升幅节制于工业化前程度以上低在2℃以内，并起劲将气温升幅限定于工业化前程度以上1.5℃以内，并重申《巴黎协定》实行将依据公允、配合但有区分的义务以及各自威力准则，思量差别国情。 4.于此配景下，部长们接待“阿联酋共鸣”，包孕《条约》第28次缔约方年夜会（COP28）经由过程的《巴黎协定》初次全世界盘货的乐成结果。这一结果表现了缔约方刻意连结连合起劲实现协定宗旨以及持久方针，并夸大需要紧迫步履以及撑持以使巴黎温度方针可及并于这个要害十年应答天气危机。他们暗示撑持“三驾马车”伙伴瓜葛，并百折不挠地致力在经由过程公然、通明、包涵、缔约方驱动以及协商一致的进程，于COP29以及COP30上取患上乐成结果。 5.部长们承诺全力撑持候任主席国阿塞拜疆，并期待与所有其他缔约方配合起劲，使巴库年夜会取患上乐成。他们夸大，COP29的重要结果是设定由发财国度流向成长中国度的天气资金新团体量化方针（NCQG），该方针将是成长中国度于2025年传递有大志的国度自立孝敬（NDC）以及这十年强化天气实行的要害鞭策力。部长们主意新方针必需鞭策解决天气资金界说的未决问题，必需切合《条约》及其《巴黎协定》中天气资金的界说，即发财国度有责任向成长中国度提供新的、分外的天气资金撑持，同时提供具体的通明度摆设，以促成义务感、信托，并便在跟踪实现方针数额的团体进展。部长们对于发财国度试图经由过程提议扩展出资者规模淡化自身于国际法下的天气资金法令责任暗示严峻关切，这将使构和起劲偏离天气步履以及力度焦点问题。基在发财国度落实大众资金赠款撑持，部长们期待NCQG金额该当从每一年以十亿美元为单元的量级增至数万亿级美元。 6.部长们期待乐成的COP29成立于COP28根蒂根基上，并为COP30告竣大志结果摊平门路。他们接待并赞赏巴西于2025年举办COP30并担当主席阐扬的带领力。 7.为冲破天气步履惯性，部长们重申经由过程于COP28到COP30及今后进一步落实根蒂根基四国互助新愿景，以强化根蒂根基四国带领力的共鸣，包孕：第一，增强根蒂根基四国就国际天气变迁议程协调，重点存眷《条约》下多边天气体系体例；第二，调动列国科学以及学术对于话；第三，扩展于可连续成长实行以及工程方面的结合步履与互助，尤为是经由过程扩展新开发银行（NDB）作用撑持全世界南边可连续成长。 8.部长们接待巴西于2025年担当“金砖+”主席国。作为“金砖+”成员，他们夸大新开发银行于扩展以及加速成长中国度天气步履方面的主要孝敬。他们投诉新开发银行于巴西南里奥格兰德州近来发生史无前例的特年夜洪灾后，向该州提供了跨越十亿美元的坚定撑持。他们认同这注解新开发银行于加快多边开发银行（MDBs）鼎新中的怪异职位地方，为成长中国度提供更年夜、更好以及更强劲撑持。部长们夸大，新开发银行可以于国际金融架构底子性鼎新中阐扬主要作用，这一底子性鼎新将赋能可连续成长以及列国差别公道转型路径，并适配在落实大志勃勃且公允的天气步履。 9.部长们重申将以国度自立决议的体式格局，根据《巴黎协定》准则以及条目，提交其下一轮NDC的承诺。他们鼓动勉励列国踊跃相应“阿联酋共鸣”结果。他们夸大NDC应成为实现可连续成长方针的东西，并促成减轻海内以及国度间不服等。部长们夸大，当局间天气变迁专门委员会（IPCC）第六次评估陈诉提出，汗青排放量以及世界碳空间哄骗其实不公允，较其于全世界人口中占比份额，发财国度汗青排放量更多。他们认同公允的减排步履必需以汗青义务、天气公理、公道转型，和掩护、维护以及恢复活态体系需求为引导。 10.部长们对于发财国度缔约方2020年前缓解力度以及落实差距暗示严峻关切。他们忆及IPCC指出到2020年发财国度该当于1990年根蒂根基上减排25%—40%，但并未实现。部长们对于发财国度2030年以及2050年缓解力度有余，及其天气政策与步履倒退以及言行一致暗示严峻关切。部长们催促发财国度迅速填补2020年前减排差距，重审并强化2030年NDC方针，而且显著早在2050年，最佳到2030年实现温室气体净零排放，随后当即实现温室气体净负排放。 11.部长们催促发财国度固守关在减排以及天气资金的法定承诺。他们留意到发财国度天气资金核算存于纷歧致，这严峻侵害信托以及法令确定性。部长们对于迄今发财国度提供的撑持不充实、有余额暗示关切，并催促发财国度根据多边协商一致的天气资金界说补齐1000亿美元天气资金承诺缺口。 12.思量到天气危机紧急性，部长们呼吁发财国度认可其未能兑现承诺，并催促他们增强起劲落实其实时充实为成长中国度提供以及带动新的分外天气资金的承诺，而且率先减排。部长们留意到，发财国度酿成的带领力空白凸显了强化多边主义、落实《条约》及其《巴黎协定》下责任的紧急性。于政治不确定性以及破裂连续加重配景下，部长们承诺担任全世界南边应答天气危机、寻求可连续成长方针的不变气力。 13.部长们呼吁全世界连合，确保没有任何一个国度、处所或者者个别失队。他们夸大根蒂根基四国情愿并预备朴拙孝敬最年夜起劲，与所有国度互助应答天气变迁。他们进一步夸大根蒂根基四国坚定与全世界南边连合于一路。他们重申根蒂根基四国作为成长中国度对于“77国集团以及中国”连合的承诺，并夸大成长中国度间互助至关主要。他们重说明确撑持现任主席国乌干达，以巩固“77国集团以及中国”连合，促成成长中国度配合好处。 14.部长们接待“阿联酋共鸣”关在公道转型路径内容，这为全经济以及全社会公道转型实现可连续成长描绘了愿景，不让任何国度以及任何个别失队。要实现这类包涵性以及总体性体式格局，需要从国际、海内两个维度确保天气公理，重点是于可连续成长并解决贫穷、饥饿、海内以及国度间不服等框架下，为成长中国度提供实行手腕。 15.部长们夸大应以公道、有序、公允的体式格局推进能源转型，由列国自立决议，并思量到差别成长阶段、国情、路径以及要领，包孕资源禀赋和成长中国度的需乞降应战。他们留意到第一次全世界盘货结果中呼吁全世界起劲到2030年将全世界可再生能源容量增加至三倍、全世界能效晋升年平均速度提高一倍。于此配景下，他们接待跨越三分之二的风能以及太阳能工程是于成长中国度设置装备摆设的，根蒂根基四国于实行并促成全世界天气敌对技能成本降落方面揭示了带领力。他们对于一些发财国度的掩护主义办法严峻拦阻全世界绿色转型表达关切。他们夸大发财国度采纳两重尺度，于其出口可再生能源时奖饰自身经济竞争力，但同时攻讦根蒂根基四国成绩。部长们还关切地留意到，最近几年来发财国度化石燃料出产以及消费呈现显著增加，呼吁发财国度明确揭示其能源体系正于率先转型离开化石燃料。 16.部长们夸大，成长中国度受天气变迁倒霉影响最为严峻，顺应是当务之急，但被轻忽且与缓解资源分配不平衡。他们催促到2024年发财国度团体向成长中国度缔约方提供的天气顺应资金比2019年程度增长数倍，并制订通明度线路图，以缓解与顺应50：50比例分配NCQG，并从2026年1月最先实行。部长们接待“全世界天气韧性框架”，包孕就11个方针告竣一致，为实现全世界顺应方针（GGA）提供更细颗粒度方针。为实现这些方针而实行的所有步履，都应基在发财国度按照《条约》及其《巴黎协定》准则以及条目向成长中国度提供的撑持，出格是配合但有区分的义务以及各自威力准则，并以大众资金为焦点，包孕监测以及评估发财国度按照成长中国度顺应优先事变向其提供实行手腕撑持的充实性以及有用性。 17.部长们训斥一切情势的单边主义以及掩护主义；重申为应答天气变迁采纳的办法，包孕单边办法，不该成为对于国际商业肆意或者无理的蔑视手腕或者者隐藏限定；催促国际社会连合互助应答天气变迁；并重申增强以及深化根蒂根基四国于天气步履与互助方面带领力及配合起劲。部长们否决一些发财国度以天气步履为捏词奉行蔑视性、不公道的“碳疆域调治机制”，并刻意配合起劲确保成长中国度不受这些粉碎多边主义、威逼可连续成长单边办法的倒霉影响。部长们呼吁发财国度终止扭曲商业的补助，包孕针对于农业、丛林以及能源行业补助，这些补助对于成长中国度可连续成长形成倒霉影响。 18.部长们指出，成长中国度提供了绝年夜大都要害矿产以及稀土，这些资源对于在现代经济各方面都至关主要，包孕向可再生能源转型，并夸大经由过程源头选矿以及创举本地价值链，使这些天然资源造福本地人平易近的主要性。部长们承诺配合起劲确保可连续、卖力任以及公道的要害矿产价值链。 19.部长们夸大，于全世界经济下行以及复苏之际，根蒂根基四国只管面对伟大成长应战以及脱贫压力，仍将继承以身作则阐扬带领力，并于务必实现可连续成长的年夜配景下，正于展示天气步履的最高大志: 巴西将天气变迁从头定位为最优先事变，同时起劲消弭饥饿、贫穷以及不服等。巴西坚定致力在增强多边主义以及全世界天气管理。2024年从根蒂根基四国伙伴印度的手中接棒担当二十国集团（G20）主席国，以“设置装备摆设一个公道的世界以及可连续星球”为主题，成立了G20年度事情框架，将天气变迁解决方案纳入前期铺垫勾当以及金融轨道。来岁巴西将把G20主席转交给根蒂根基四国的另外一个伙伴南非。除了了情况以及天气可连续事情组外，巴西还建议建立“全世界带动应答天气变迁事情组”，以从头调解天气步履以及资金，追求布局性解决方案。该事情组初次将交际部、财务部、天气部和中心银行堆积于一路。作为COP30候任主席，巴西始终于与COP28以及COP29主席互助推进“1.5任务线路图”。2023年11月，巴西调解了其2030年NDC，将其减排方针提高到比2005年减排53%。自卢拉总统上任以来，巴西始终致力在“零丛林砍伐”，同时从头启动了亚马逊基金及《预防以及节制法定亚马逊以及塞拉多地域丛林砍伐步履规划》。2023年1月至12月，巴西实现了亚马逊丛林砍伐削减50%，2024年1月至5月进一步削减了40.5%，仅这一项就防止约2.5亿吨碳排放。近来的数据还显示，2024年上半年塞拉多地域的丛林砍伐也削减了15%。巴西正于更新《恢回复复兴生植被国度规划》，以期到2030年恢复至少1200万公顷的原生植被。于COP28上，巴西国度开发银行倡议了“恢复之穹顶”发起，为到2050年恢复2400万公顷亚马逊丛林提供资金。2023年8月，巴西当局还公布了一项全经济规模的“生态转型规划”，该规划将强化巴西对于将来经济增加、社会包涵以及情况掩护的愿景。于巴西天气基金下，已经刊行了20亿美元的绿色债券撑持天气步履，而2024年4月启动的“巴西生态投资”发起旨于创举布局性前提，吸引外国私家投资实行生态转型。于能源范畴，可再生能源今朝约占巴西能源供给总量的50%以及电力供给的90%。2022—2023年，巴西发电装机容量增加9.4%，此中自然气发电削减7.9%，燃油发电削减19.3%，火力发电呈较着降落趋向，同时太阳能发电增加68.1%，风电增加17.4%，这使患上发电孕育发生的温室气体排放于一年内削减了6%。 中国坚定实行踊跃应答天气变迁国度战略，致力在构建人类运气配合体，力争在2030年前到达峰值，起劲争夺2060年前实现碳中以及。2012年以来，中国以年均3%的能源消费增速，支撑了跨越6%的经济增加。单元海内出产总值二氧化碳排放降落超35%，相称在少排放14亿吨二氧化碳。截至2023年末，中国可再生能源装机已经汗青性跨越煤电，海内可再生能源装机范围占全世界约40%，占全世界新增装机50%以上。中国的水电、风电、太阳能发电、生物资发电以及于建核电装机均居世界第一。中国打造动员全世界风电以及光伏发电平均成本于已往十年间别离累计降落跨越60%以及80%。中国的新能源汽车保有量占全世界一半以上。2023年中国的煤炭消费比重较2012年降落了13.2个百分点，并在近期启动煤电低碳化改造。此外，中方还成立了全世界笼罩温室气体排放量最年夜的碳市场，制订了《甲烷排放节制步履方案》《国度顺应天气变迁战略2035》，其丛林笼罩率以及蓄积量持续30年连结双增加，成为全世界丛林资源增加至多最快的国度。同时，中国尽己所能开展应答天气变迁南南互助，包孕为120多个成长中国度培训2400余名天气变迁官员以及技能职员。 印度坚信多边主义，并踊跃帮忙其他懦弱国度。印度启动了“韧性岛国根蒂根基举措措施”规划，旨于促成小岛屿成长中国度根蒂根基举措措施资产的灾难以及天气回复复兴力。印度还于2019年倡议了“抗灾根蒂根基举措措施同盟”，以强化新建以及现有根蒂根基举措措施体系对于天气以及灾难危害的抵御威力。印度在2015年倡议了“国际太阳能同盟”，成为经由过程全世界伙伴瓜葛实行设置装备摆设性全世界天气步履的范例。“绿色电网发起——统一太阳，统一世界，统一电网”也是印度在2021年倡议的，是全世界第一个互联太阳能电网的国际收集。“全世界绿色信贷发起”由印度在2023年12月倡议，旨于经由过程绿色信贷等各类发起促成全世界互助与协作，实行以及监测促成情况向好的步履。印度还与瑞典互助倡议了“行业转型带领小组”发起，作难以实现温室气体减排的行业寻觅立异解决方案，以促成志愿的低碳转型步履。2024—2026年“行业转型带领小组”第二阶段在2023年12月启动。印度还倡议了全世界“情况敌对糊口体式格局”运动，以促成看重情况意识的糊口体式格局，重点是提高资源哄骗意识。2024年3月于肯尼亚内罗毕进行的第六届结合国情况年夜会经由过程了印度提出的关在“促成可连续糊口体式格局”的决定。印度于2024年6月5日世界情况日之际倡议了“以母亲的名义种一棵树”运动。印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪呼吁天下人平易近和全球人平易近莳植一棵树，向他们的母亲致敬。 南非已经制订了具备广泛影响的政策，以确保落实NDC方针。确保以公允以及基在科学的体式格局应答天气危机对于在实现公道转型至关主要，为此，南非正于资助一系列广泛的研究、开发以及立异规划以及办法，包孕：全世界变迁研究规划及其相干工程以及办法；海洋以及南极战略；南非危害以及懦弱性舆图集；水资源以及烧毁物的研究、开发以及立异线路图；生物经济战略；土著常识体系；太空子规划下的地球不雅测事情；天气变迁致使的多重灾难预警体系；氢以及燃料电池技能开发（氢能社会线路图）；基在风能以及太阳能舆图集具体绘制的可再生能源资源图；进步前辈电池（储能）发起；多个关在实现轮回经济的规划；和水资源方面的重点研究。南非还制订了44个地域的天气变迁顺应战略，以推进处所层面的顺应规划，并对于游览业、生物多样性、海洋以及海岸、采矿业、栖身区等要害部分举行危害以及懦弱性评估。此外，南非议会经由过程了《天气变迁法》，此中包孕为年夜型排放公司分配碳预算。南非于2019年经由过程并连续实行《碳税法》，财务部正于思量鄙人一个五年期提高税率。于“综合资源规划”的引导下，南非经由过程五期投标新增了6.2吉瓦的可再生能源装机，重点实行以电动汽车、电力以及绿氢为因素的“公道能源转型伙伴瓜葛”。 20.部长们接待印度建议由其于印度主理2028年《条约》第33次缔约方年夜会以及2025年根蒂根基四国部长级集会。 BASIC Ministerial Joint Statement on Climate Change Wuhan China , July 21 2024 1. The 2024 BASIC Ministerial Meeting on Climate Change was held in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on July 21 2024. The meeting was chaired by H.E. Mr. Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment of China, attended by H.E. Dr. Dion George, Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment of South Africa; H.E. Dr. Ana Toni, Vice-Minister for Climate Change, on behalf of H.E Ms. Marina Silva, Minister of Environment and Climate Change of Brazil; and Mr. Neelesh Kumar Sah, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change on behalf of H.E. Mr. Bhupender Yadav, Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change of India, and moderated by H.E. Mr. Zhao Yingmin, Vice Minister of Ecology and Environment of China. 2. Ministers emphasize that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Despite the multiple crises including geopolitical tensions, global energy and food crises, inflation, growing hunger and inequalities, and disruptions to global supply-chains, Ministers confirmed their co妹妹itments to multilateralism and international cooperation towards low-carbon and climate-resilient development, in the context of eradication of poverty and sustainable development. 3. Ministers underline the importance of a full, adequate, and effective implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement. They reaffirm the Paris Agreement temperature goal of holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, and reiterate it will be implemented in accordance with the principles of equity, co妹妹on but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC), in the light of different national circumstances. 4.In this context, Ministers welcome the UAE Consensus, including the successful outcome of the first Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement, adopted at COP28, which reaffirmed Parties’ resolve to remain united in the pursuit of efforts to achieve the purpose and long-term goals of the Agreement, while emphasizing the need for urgent action and support to keep the Paris temperature goal within reach and to address the climate crisis in this critical decade. They expressed their support to the Troika Partnership and their unwavering co妹妹itment towards the successful outcomes at COP29 and COP30 through an open, transparent, inclusive, Party-driven, and consensus-based process. 5.Ministers pledge their full support to the incoming Azerbaijani Presidency and look forward to working with all other Parties towards a successful conference in Baku. They highlighted that the main outcome of COP29 will be to set the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance from developed to developing countries, as the key enabler for developing countries to co妹妹unicate ambitious nationally determined contributions (NDCs) in 2025 and for enhanced climate implementation in this critical decade. Ministers defend that the new goal must advance on fulfilling outstanding gaps on the definition of climate finance, consistent with the definition of climate finance in the Convention and its Paris Agreement, which obliges developed countries to provide new and additional climate finance support to developing countries, whilst providing detailed transparency arrangements, in order to facilitate accountability, trust and the tracking of collective progress in delivering the quantum. Ministers express deep concerns around attempts by developed countries to dilute their climate finance legal obligations under international law through suggestions of broadening the contributor base, which could deviate negotiation efforts from core issues for climate action and ambition. Based on delivery of grant-based public-funded support by developed countries, Ministers indicated their expectation that the quantum of the NCQG should shift from billions to trillions of USD per year. 6.Ministers demonstrate their expectations that a successful COP29 will build on COP28 to pave the way for ambitious outcomes by COP30. They welcome and co妹妹end Brazil’s leadership to host and preside COP30 in 2025. 7.To break inertia in climate action, Ministers reiterated their agreement to strengthen BASIC leadership, by further implementing their new vision on cooperation among BASIC from COP28 to COP30 and beyond that encompasses: firstly, enhancing BASIC coordination on the international climate change agenda, with a focus on the multilateral climate regime under UNFCCC; secondly, leveraging their countries scientific and academic dialogue; and, thirdly, expanding joint action and cooperation on sustainable development implementation and projects, in particular through the expansion of the role of the New Development Bank (NDB) in supporting sustainable development in the Global South. 8.Ministers welcome the Brazilian presidency of BRICS+ in 2025. As fellow members of BRICS+, they highlight the key contribution of the NDB in scaling-up and accelerating climate action in developing countries. They praised the NDB for its steadfast support of over a billion USD to the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul following the recent extreme flooding of unprecedented proportions. They recognize this demonstrates the NDB’s unique position in speeding-up the reform of multilateral development banks towards providing bigger, better and bolder support to developing countries. Ministers emphasize the important role that the NDB can play towards the fundamental reform of the international financial architecture to enable sustainable development and the different just transitions pathways of countries and be fit-for-purpose to implement ambitious and equitable climate actions. 9.Ministers reaffirm their co妹妹itment to submitting their next generation of NDCs under the Paris Agreement, in a nationally-determined manner and in accordance with the principles and provisions of the Paris Agreement. They encourage countries to respond positively to the outcomes of the UAE Consensus. They stress NDCs should serve as instruments towards the achievement of the sustainable development goals, while contributing to reducing inequalities within and among countries. Ministers underline that the historical emissions and the use of the world’s carbon space is not equitably distributed as assessed by the IPCC’s AR6, with developed countries emitting historically more emissions relative to their share of the global population. They recognize that equitable mitigation action must be guided by historical responsibilities, climate justice, just transitions, and the need to conserve, preserve and restore ecosystem . 10.Ministers express serious concern over pre-2020 gaps in both mitigation ambition and implementation by developed country Parties. They recall the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change had indicated that developed countries should have reduced emissions by 25–40 per cent below 1990 levels by 2020, which was not achieved. They note with grave concern developed countries’ inadequate 2030 and 2050 mitigation ambitions, as well as the backtracking and incoherence in their climate policies and action. Ministers urge developed countries to urgently close pre2020 mitigation gaps, to revisit and strengthen the 2030 targets in their NDCs, and to achieve net-zero GHG emissions significantly ahead of 2050, preferably by 2030, and net-negative GHG emissions i妹妹ediately thereafter. 11.Ministers urge developed countries to abide by their legal co妹妹itments on both mitigation and finance. They note the inconsistency of climate finance accounting by developed countries, which seriously jeopardizes trust and legal certainty. They express concern over the inadequate and insufficient support provided by developed countries so far and urge them to close the gap in their climate finance co妹妹itments of USD 100 billion in accordance with multilaterally-agreed climate finance definitions. 12.In view of the urgency of the climate crisis, Ministers call on developed countries to recognize the failure to fulfill their co妹妹itments, and urge them to step up their efforts and fulfill their co妹妹itments on climate finance to provide and mobilize new and additional climate finance to developing countries in a timely and adequate manner, and take the lead in mitigation. They note the leadership void left by developed countries reinforces the urgency of strengthening multilateralism, and delivering obligations under the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement. In the context of increased political uncertainty and divides, Ministers pledge to serve as a stabilizing force for the Global South in navigating the climate crisis in pursuit of sustainable development imperatives. 13.Ministers call for global solidarity in ensuring that no country, place nor individual is left behind. They reiterate that BASIC is willing and ready to genuinely contribute its best effort and cooperate with all countries in addressing climate change. They further reiterate BASIC strong determination to show solidarity towards the Global South. They reaffirm the co妹妹itment of BASIC, as developing countries, to the unity of Group of 77 and China, and highlighted the importance of cooperation among developing countries. They reaffirm their unequivocal support for the current Ugandan Presidency, with a view to consolidating the unity of the Group of 77 and China and advancing the co妹妹on interests of developing countries. 14.Ministers welcome the UAE Consensus on Just Transition Pathways, which provides a vision for all-of-economy and all-of-society just transitions to achieve sustainable development, leaving no country nor individual behind. Both the international and national dimensions of climate justice need to be addressed to achieve this inclusive and holistic approach, with an emphasis on enabling means of implementation for developing countries, in the context of sustainable development and of efforts to tackle poverty, hunger and inequalities within and among countries. 15.Ministers emphasized energy transitions should be carried out in a just, orderly and equitable manner, being nationally determined, and taking into account the different stages of development, national circumstances, pathways and approaches, including resource endowments, as well as the needs and challenges of developing countries. They note the call for global efforts to triple renewable energy capacity globally and double the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030, as part of the outcome of the first GST. In this context, they welcome that more than two-thirds of all wind and solar projects are being undertaken in developing countries, with BASIC countries demonstrating leadership in implementation driving down costs of climate-friendly technologies globally. They express concern that protectionist measures by some developed countries seriously threaten the global green transition. They highlight the double-standard of developed countries by calling their own economies competitive when exporting renewable energy and at the same time criticizing the success of BASIC countries. Ministers also note with concern that there has been a significant increase in the production and consumption of fossil fuels by developed countries in recent years, and call them to clearly show they are taking the lead in transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems. 16.Ministers underscore that developing countries are the most adversely affected by climate change and that adaptation is a key imperative though neglected with imbalanced allocation of resources compared to mitigation. They urge developed countries to increase multifold their collective provision of climate finance for adaptation to developing country Parties from 2019 levels by 2024, with a transparent roadmap to a 50:50 allocation of the NCQG on mitigation and adaptation, to be implemented from January 2026. Ministers welcome the Framework for Global Climate Resilience, including agreement on 11 targets that provide more granular targets to achieve the global goal on adaptation (GGA). The implementation of all actions towards these targets should be based on support provided by developed countries to developing countries in line with principles and provisions of the Convention and its Paris Agreement, in particular CBDR-RC, with public fund at its core, including to monitor and evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of means of implementation support provided by developed countries to developing countries based on their priorities of adaptation. 17.Ministers condemn all forms of unilateralism and protectionism; reiterate that measures taken to address climate change, including unilateral measures, should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade; urge the international co妹妹unity to cooperate in a united front to combat climate change; and reiterate their pledge to strengthen and deepen BASIC leadership and joint work in climate action and cooperation. Ministers rejected as discriminatory and unjust the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms planned by some developed countr����ϣ��WilliamHillies under the pretext of climate action and resolve to work together to ensure that developing countries are not adversely impacted by these unilateral measures that undermine multilateralism and threaten sustainable development. They call developed countries to end trade distorting subsidies, including for the agricultural, forest and energy sectors, which adversely impact on the sustainable development of developing countries. 18.Ministers note that developing countries provide most of the critical minerals and rare earths that are essential for all aspects of the modern economy, including the transition to renewable energy, and underscore the importance of these natural resources benefiting our people through beneficiation at source and creation of local value chains. They co妹妹it to working together to ensure sustainable, responsible and just value chains of critical minerals. 19.Ministers highlight that despite the enormous developmental challenges and pressures of poverty eradication at a time of global economic downturn and economic recovery, the BASIC countries continue to lead by example and are demonstrating their highest ambition on climate action, in the context of their overarching sustainable development imperatives: Brazilhas repositioned climate change as a topmost priority, alongside efforts to combat hunger, poverty and inequality. Deeply co妹妹itted to strengthening multilateralism and global climate governance, Brazil has received the presidency of G20 from India, a BASIC peer, by framing the group’s work in 2024 under the theme “building a just world and a sustainable planet,” which incorporates climate change solutions across both the sherpa and finance tracks. Brazil will pass on the G20 to South Africa, also a BASIC partner. In addition to the Environment and Climate Sustainability Working Group, Brazil has proposed the Task-Force on Global Mobilization Against Climate Change (TF-CLIMA) for resetting action and finance towards structural solutions. TF-CLIMA brings together for the first time Foreign, Finance and Climate Ministries and central banks. As incoming president of COP30, Brazil has been working with the COP28 and COP29 presidencies to advance the Road Map to Mission 1.5. In November 2023, Brazil adjusted its 2030 NDC to enhance its emissions reduction ambition to 53% compared to 2005. To support the implementation of Brazil’s NDCs and National Adaptation Plan (NAP), the Inter-ministerial Co妹妹ittee on Climate Change (CIM), relaunched in 2023, is working around the National Climate Plan, to consolidate the national strategy together with 7 sectoral plans on climate mitigation and 16 plans on adaptation. Since President Lula took office, Brazil has co妹妹itted to zero deforestation, whilst also relaunching the Amazon Fund, the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm) and in the Cerrado (PPCerrado). From January to December 2023, Brazil achieved a 50% reduction of deforestation in the Amazon, and a further reduction of 40.5% from January to May 2024, which alone have prevented around 250 million tons of carbon from being emitted. Recent data also show 15% reduction in deforestation in the Cerrado in the first semester of 2024. Brazil is updating its National Plan for the Recovery of Native Vegetation (PLANAVEG) for the recovery of at least 12 million hectares of native vegetation by 2030. At COP28, Brazil s National Development Bank (BNDES) launched the “Arc of Restoration” initiative for financing the recovery of 24 million hectares of Amazonian forest by 2050. In August 2023, the Brazilian government also announced an economy-wide Ecological Transformation Plan, which consolidates the country s vision for a future of economic growth with social inclusion and environmental preservation. Under Brazil’s Climate Fund, 2 billion USD have been issued in green bonds to support climate action, while the “Eco Invest Brasil” initiative, launched in April 2024, aims at fostering structural conditions to attract foreign private investments for ecological transformation. In the energy sector, renewables currently represents around 50% of the country s total energy supply and 90% of its electricity supply. The installed electricity generation capacity in Brazil expanded by 9.4% between 2022 and 2023, with notable trends around a decrease in thermal generation from natural gas (-7.9%) and oil products (-19.3%), which was influenced by the increase in solar (+68.1%) and wind generation (+17.4%), resulting in a 6% reduction of GHG emissions from electricity generation in one year. Chinais dedicated to implementing the national strategy of actively addressing climate change and co妹妹itted to building a co妹妹unity with a shared future for humankind, aiming to peak its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Since 2012, China has supported an economic growth of over 6% with an average annual energy consumption growth rate of 3%. The carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP have dropped by more than 35%, equivalent to a reduction of 1.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions. By the end of 2023, China s installed capacity of renewable energy has historically surpassed that of coal power, with domestic renewable energy installations accounting for about 40% of the global total and more than 50% of the global new installations. The installed capacities of hydropower, wind power, solar power, biomass power, and nuclear power under construction all rank first in the world. China s manufacturing has led to a cumulative decrease of over 60% and 80% in the average costs of global wind and photovoltaic power generation, respectively, over the past decade. China s new energy vehicle ownership accounts for more than half of the global total. In 2023, the proportion of coal consumption in China decreased by 13.2 percentage compared to 2012, and China has recently initiated the low-carbon transformation of coal power. Additionally, China has established the world’s largest carbon market in terms of the volume of GHG emissions covered, and formulated the Methane Emission Control Action Plan and the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035. For 30 consecutive years, China s forest coverage and stock volume have both seen continuous growth, making it the country with the fastest and most significant increase in forest resources worldwide. At the same time, China is doing its utmost to promote South-South cooperation on climate change, including training more than 2,400 climate change officials and technical professionals from over 120 developing countries. Indiahas taken strong, ambitious and decisive climate actions, while making poverty alleviation and sustainable development its priorities. India has reduced the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33% in 2019. Thereby, achieving its original NDC target of 2015, 9 years ahead of time as of 30th June 2023, and continues to now fulfil its updated co妹妹itment of emission intensity reduction by 45% by 2030. India continues to lead by example with several robust steps in renewable energy, planned urban development, sustainable habitats, creation of carbon sinks through additional forest and tree cover, transition to sustainable transport, e-mobility, etc. India s non-fossil fuel based installed capacity stands at more than 201.75 GW as of May 2024 which is 45.36% of its total installed capacity. India has created 1.97 billion tons additional sinks by 2021. These steps have led to steady fulfillment of India s NDC goals of 2030. India stands 4th, globally, in RE Installed Capacity (including Large Hydro), 4th in Wind Power capacity and 4th in Solar Power capacity. India is always a part of the solution and plays an affirmative role towards fighting climate change. India firmly believes in multilateralism and has been proactive in helping other vulnerable Nations. India launched the ‘Infrastructure for Resilient Island States (IRIS)’ that promotes disaster and climate resilience of infrastructure assets in Small Island Developing States. India also launched the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) in 2019 to promote resilience of new and existing infrastructure systems to climate and disaster risk. India launched the International Solar Alliance in 2015, as a prime example of constructive global climate action through global partnership. The Green Grids Initiative - One Sun, One World One Grid (GGI-OSOWOG) was also launched by India in 2021, as the first international network of global interconnected solar power grids. Global Green Credit Initiative was launched by India in December, 2023 to promote global cooperation and collaboration and implementation and monitoring of environment-positive actions through various initiatives like Green Credits. India has also partnered with Sweden on the Leadership Group on Industry Transition (LeadIT) initiative to find innovative solutions for hard-to-abate sectors with a view to promoting voluntary action for low carbon transition. Phase-II of the Leadership Group for Industry Transition (LeadIT 2.0) for 2024-26 was launched in December, 2023. India has also launched the global “Lifestyle for Environment” campaign to promote environmentally conscious lifestyle focusing on mindful and deliberate utilization of resources. Resolution on ‘Promoting Sustainable Lifestyles’, proposed by India, was adopted at the sixth United Nations Environment Assembly, held in Nairobi, Kenya in March 2024. India has launched the Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam (One tree in the name of mother) campaign on the occasion of World Environment Day on 5th June 2024. Prime Minister Narendra Modi urged the people of the country as well as the world to plant a tree as a tribute to their mother. South Africahas approved wide-reaching policies to ensure that we can meet its NDC targets. To ensure an equitable and science-based response to the climate crisis, which is centrally important to just transition, it is funding a wide range of research, development and innovation (RDI) progra妹妹es and interventions. These include the Global Change Research Plan (GCRP) and its associated progra妹妹es and interventions; a Marine and Antarctic Strategy; the South African Risk and Vulnerability Atlas (SARVA); Water and Waste RDI Roadmaps; the Bio-economy Strategy; Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS); Earth Observation work under the Space Sub-Progra妹妹e; work on a climate-driven multi-hazard early warning system; the hydrogen and fuel cell technology development process (Hydrogen Society Roadmap), detailed mapping of renewable energy resources, via wind and solar atlases the advanced batteries (energy storage) initiative, and multiple progra妹妹es on moving towards a circular economy, and finally a strong research focus on water resources. It has also developed the 44 Districts Climate Change Adaptation Strategies to advance adaptation planning at the local level as well as the risk and vulnerability assessments for key sectors, Tourism, Biodiversity, Ocean and Coasts, Mining, Human Settlements. In addition, parliament has adopted the Climate Change Bill including allocation of carbon budgets for large emitting companies. A carbon tax has been implemented since 2019 when the Carbon Tax Act was passed. National Treasury is considering a higher tax rate for the next five-year period. Guided by its Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), South Africa has installed 6.2 GW of new renewable energy through five bid windows, and we are preparing to ramp up the next bid window significantly. The main focus is the implementation of the Just Energy Transition Investment Plan that focus on electric vehicle, electricity and green hydrogen 20.Ministers welcomed the proposals of India to host UNFCCC COP33 in the year 2028 and the BASIC Ministerial Meeting in the year 2025 in India.
